Agile Model
The Agile Model is an iterative and incremental SDLC approach where software is developed and tested in small cycles (iterations or sprints), enabling continuous feedback, flexibility, and faster delivery.
Agile answers: “How can we deliver value continuously and adapt to change?”
1. Definition
The Agile Model is an iterative and incremental SDLC approach where software is developed and tested in small cycles (iterations or sprints), enabling continuous feedback, flexibility, and faster delivery.
2. Core Values of Agile (Agile Manifesto)
- Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
- Working software over comprehensive documentation
- Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
- Responding to change over following a plan
3. Key Characteristics of Agile
- Iterative development
- Frequent releases
- Continuous testing
- Close collaboration
- Embraces change
- Minimal but sufficient documentation
4. Agile SDLC Flow
- Requirement gathering (User Stories)
- Sprint planning
- Development + Testing (parallel)
- Sprint review
- Sprint retrospective
- Release (potentially shippable increment)
5. Role of Manual Tester in Agile
During Sprint Planning
- Understand user stories
- Review acceptance criteria
- Identify test scenarios
- Highlight risks
During Sprint Execution
- Perform story-level testing
- Execute functional and regression tests
- Log defects early
- Collaborate closely with developers
During Sprint Review
- Validate completed stories
- Demonstrate tested features
During Retrospective
- Share quality improvements
- Suggest testing process enhancements
6. Agile Testing Principles
- Testing is continuous
- Whole team is responsible for quality
- Early and frequent feedback
- Customer involvement
7. User Stories & Acceptance Criteria
- User stories describe what user wants
- Acceptance criteria define conditions of satisfaction
Manual testers use acceptance criteria as primary test inputs.
8. Agile vs Traditional Models
| Aspect | Agile | Waterfall/V-Model |
|---|---|---|
| Change | Welcomed | Costly |
| Testing | Continuous | Late |
| Delivery | Incremental | Big-bang |
| Documentation | Lightweight | Heavy |
9. Advantages of Agile Model
- Faster feedback
- Better alignment with business needs
- Early defect detection
- Higher customer satisfaction
10. Challenges in Agile for Testers
- Incomplete requirements
- Time constraints
- Frequent changes
- Regression pressure
11. Real-Time Agile Testing Example
A login feature is:
- Designed
- Developed
- Tested
- Reviewed
within the same sprint.
12. Common Mistakes
- Treating Agile as “no documentation”
- Skipping regression testing
- Not participating in planning
- Delaying testing within sprint
13. Interview-Ready Answers
Short answer:
Agile is an iterative SDLC model where software is developed and tested in small increments with continuous feedback.
Detailed answer:
Agile emphasizes collaboration, flexibility, and continuous testing, allowing teams to deliver high-quality software quickly and adapt to changing requirements.
14. Key Takeaway
Agile empowers testers to test early, test continuously, and influence quality throughout development.